This study evaluates the benefits to smallholders and agribusinesses from participating in contract farming in Bali and West Nusa Tenggarra (NTB). Methodology involved surveying both contracted (n=150 in Bali and n=80 in NTB) and non-contracted farmers (n=150 in Bali and n=120 in NTB). Probit analysis was used to identify factors influencing smallholder contract participation.

Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities for Indonesia either as an income source for millions of farming households or for foreign exchange earnings. The country produces a number of specialty coffees from different geographical origins having a distinctive cup taste profile. This paper provides an overview of the experience of Indonesia in establishing a geographical indication (GI) protection system from the starting point to the present progress.

This paper explores the implications for value chain structures within smallholder coffee systems across Indonesia arising from the establishment of externally authored environmental and social compliance systems. The paper discusses their implications, and sometimes contradictions, thereby highlighting the complexities of applying global ethics locally. These demands are pivotally changing the incentive structures for various value chain participants, leading to changing business strategies and the emergence of new institutional forms.

Recent high coffee prices, due to a combination of rising demand in emerging markets and declining production outside of Brazil and Vietnam, have sparked concerns over the long-term supply of coffee beans. This paper evaluates the potential for expanding production from Indonesia—currently the world's third largest producer—to play a significant role in meeting predicted global demand. The research examines this possibility through a socio-economic assessment of coffee-based livelihoods in Indonesia.

Strong international demand for specialty coffee from the District of Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, provides significant opportunities to improve rural incomes. This report provides an overview of the Sulawesi specialty coffee industry including key coffee producing districts, international markets for Sulawesi coffee, geographical identities and certified coffees. The authors detail factors of significance to any future development of the Sulawesi and particularly the Toraja coffee industries.

This report examines the main strengths and constraints affecting the profitability of the coffee industry in Flores, focusing on the two main coffee producing districts of Manggarai and Ngada. The report highlights a number of strengths and opportunities which suggest that Flores could develop into a specialty Arabica coffee origin, whilst further building the reputation of its Robusta coffee.

This article explores the degree to which diversification to non-farm activities, productivity improvements for identical crops (in this case coffee) and crop switching (from coffee to cocoa) are driving income dynamics in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

This paper examines opposing land use strategies in cacao agroforestry in Sulawesi by using data on species richness of nine plant and animal taxa, six related ecosystem functions, and socioeconomic drivers of agroforestry expansion. Data was collected around Toro village in the Kulawi valley in four forest and 12 agroforestry plots. Findings reveal that transformation from near-primary forest to agroforestry had little effect on overall species richness, but reduced plant biomass and carbon storage by around 75 per cent and species richness of forest-using species by around 60 per cent.

This article examines pest control and production management methods used by farmers in Sulawesi to improve cocoa bean quality and increase income from cocoa. Strategies investigated include those directed at increasing the number and size of cocoa pods, those aimed at reducing hosts for pest transmission, two input-intensive approaches, and the alternative of doing nothing beyond harvesting mature cocoa pods.

This paper discusses the institutional settings along the cocoa supply chain in Sulawesi. It explains how the Indonesian cocoa sector has seen rapid expansion under free-market conditions, followed by declining profitability due to pest infestations compounded by market imperfections. The complex needs of farmers in the face of pests and disease, sustainability concerns and quality decline are not being satisfied by informal mechanisms that facilitated earlier expansion. The author claims that the government has, for the most part, been a passive actor throughout these developments.