In this paper, the author presents a useful overview and analysis of aquaculture practices and farming systems in Indonesia, with a particular focus on aquaculture feed and feeding. Notable is the fact that Indonesia uses a relatively small proportion of the area that is available and/or suitable for aquaculture (4.5 million hectares of more than 11.8 million hectares available), which together with the intensification of culture practices provides an opportunity for rapid growth of the sector. To meet the demand, the author maintains that the aquafeed industry needs to prepare itself appropriately, find alternatives to minimize the fishmeal content in aquafeeds and urgently address the high feed demand of L.vannamei (Pacific white shrimp). The author also makes recommendations around environmental issues, which are receiving increased prominence in aquaculture sector research. One suggestion is for a more cost effective feed to be developed to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. Greater consumer awareness of food safety issues requires the feed industry to pay greater attention to traceability of feed materials and feed processing technology.