Kesempatan Pengembangan
Agribisnis Indonesia
Bagian Timur (EI-ADO) - Agroforestry

Prospects for integrated timber-forage-livestock agroforestry systems for economic diversification in West Timor farming communities. ACIAR-SMAR/2006/080.

sudo — Mon, 09 Feb 2015 09:04:15 +0000

vanNimwegen(2009)ProspectsIntegratedTimberForageLivestockAgroforestryWestTimor_ACIAR_SADI.pdf

This report reviews previous agroforestry, forage and livestock projects in eastern Indonesia to assess the potential for integrated timber-forage-livestock agroforestry systems to improve the incomes of smallholder farmers in West Timor. It identifies strategies for developing more acceptable systems, proposes methods for their implementation and provides an assessment and analysis of the constraints to adoption of research results. The scoping study included field investigation and a social survey in West Timor in 2007. Findings reveal that the major barriers constraining the adoption of agroforestry programs are physical, social, institutional and economic in nature, including water availability, limited understanding of farmer's decision making processes, labour shortages, low household capital, and regulatory frameworks and policies inhibiting beneficial programs. Furthermore, farmers were found to be reluctant to make long-term investments. The study proposes a timber, forage, livestock agroforestry approach as a strategy for enhancing the uptake of new technology—a flexible approach that allows for the cyclical nature of adoption. Success will depend on the extent to which biophysical and socio-cultural aspects are integrated into the approach.

Publication Date:

2009

Author:

Van Nimwegen P., Lloyd D. and Vanclay J.

Publisher:

Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research

Keywords:

Commodity:

Integrated Farming System

Trade-offs between income, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning during tropical rainforest conversion and agroforestry intensification

sudo — Mon, 09 Feb 2015 08:35:23 +0000

SteffanDewenterEtAl(2007)TradeoffsIncomeBiodiversityEcosystemFunctioningTropicalRainforestConversionAgroforestryIntensification.pdf

This paper examines opposing land use strategies in cacao agroforestry in Sulawesi by using data on species richness of nine plant and animal taxa, six related ecosystem functions, and socioeconomic drivers of agroforestry expansion. Data was collected around Toro village in the Kulawi valley in four forest and 12 agroforestry plots. Findings reveal that transformation from near-primary forest to agroforestry had little effect on overall species richness, but reduced plant biomass and carbon storage by around 75 per cent and species richness of forest-using species by around 60 per cent. In contrast, increased land use intensity in cacao agroforestry, coupled with a reduction in shade tree cover from 80 to 40 per cent, caused only minor quantitative changes in biodiversity and maintained high levels of ecosystem functioning while doubling farmers' net income. However, unshaded systems further increased income by around 40 per cent, implying that current economic incentives and cultural preferences for new intensification practices put shaded systems at risk. The authors conclude that low-shade agroforestry provides the best compromise between economic forces and ecological needs. Certification schemes for shade-grown crops may provide a market-based mechanism to slow down current intensification trends.

Publication Date:

2007

Author:

Steffan-Dewenter I., Kessler M., Markmann J., Bos M.M., et al.

Publisher:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol.104, No. 12 pp. 4973-4978

Keywords:

Commodity:

Yield development and nutrient dynamics in cocoa-gliricidia agroforests of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

sudo — Mon, 09 Feb 2015 08:35:23 +0000

Smiley-Kroshel(2010)YieldDevelopmentNutrientDynamicsCocoaGliricidiaAgroforestsCentralSulawesi.pdf

This paper studied the relationship between tree age, nutrient dynamics and cocoa yield to determine which resources may limit cocoa yield. The study involved surveys of 14 cocoa agroforests in Central Sulawesi, including soil characterisation and analysis, and pod sampling for yield estimates, bean weight and carbon/nutrient analysis. Soil carbon nutrient levels did not change over the timeframes of 8 and 15 years and there was no relationship between soil carbon/nutrient levels and bean weight or carbon/nutrient levels. Phosphorus was the most limited nutrient in cocoa yield and the authors suggest phosphorus fertiliser applications and liming to increase phosphorus availability. The authors conclude that cocoa-gliricidia agroforests are only sustainable in the immediate future. The paper suggests investigating alternative species of shade trees to gliricidia, such as cashew nuts or macadamias that do are not shallow rooted like cocoa and are therefore not going to compete with cocoa for nutrients in the same soil strata. The authors comment on the benefits of using a chrono-sequence as a research tool but also highlight its limitations.

Publication Date:

2010

Author:

Smiley G.L. and Kroschel J.

Journal:

Agroforestry Systems 78(2), 97-114

Keywords:

Commodity:

Kesempatan PengembanganAgribisnis Indonesia Bagian Timur (EI-ADO) - Agroforestry

Prospects for integrated timber-forage-livestock agroforestry systems for economic diversification in West Timor farming communities. ACIAR-SMAR/2006/080.

Trade-offs between income, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning during tropical rainforest conversion and agroforestry intensification

Yield development and nutrient dynamics in cocoa-gliricidia agroforests of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Kesempatan Pengembangan
Agribisnis Indonesia
Bagian Timur (EI-ADO) - Agroforestry